When changing the value of a content field that is used in the url alias generation, the content is changed immediately and accessible with the new generated urlalias. However, trying to get the path to the content (with the RouterInterface method generate() or via a twig path("ez_urlalias") etc.) will still give you the old url alias.

Confirmed by several sources in my company and on the following slack discussion https://ezcommunity.slack.com/archives/ezplatform-use/p1466687183000265. For some a cache:clear solves it, for some others not

I debugged as far as going to the eZ\Publish\Core\Repository\URLAliasService class and its listLocationAliases function where the spiUrlAliasList loaded seems to be right but the path is not extracted correctly.