It seems that the ContentService::loadContentByRemoteId() method returns old content, because of old cache.
However, ContentService::loadContent() returns the correct content.

Steps to reproduce:

• Create a folder called 'Test Folder Version 1'
• Run the script with php ezpublish/console test:caching <content_id> --env=prod
• Output should be:
  content1.versionNo: 1
  content1.currentVersionNo: 1
  content1.name: Test Folder Version 1
  content2.versionNo: 1
  content2.currentVersionNo: 1
  content2.name: Test Folder Version 1

... at this point everything is as expected.

• Edit the folder using legacy admin interface and change name to 'Test Folder Version 2'
• Run the script with php ezpublish/console test:caching <content_id> --env=prod
• Output is:
  content1.versionNo: 2
  content1.currentVersionNo: 2
  content1.name: Test Folder Version 2
  content2.versionNo: 1
  content2.currentVersionNo: 2
  content2.name: Test Folder Version 1

... which seems to indicate that loadContentByRemoteId() returned wrong data,
and that the version numbers stored in ContentInfo and VersionInfo structures differ.

• In administration interface go to Setup / Clear content caches
• Run the script with php ezpublish/console test:caching <content_id> --env=prod
  content1.versionNo: 2
  content1.currentVersionNo: 2
  content1.name: Test Folder Version 2
  content2.versionNo: 2
  content2.currentVersionNo: 2
  content2.name: Test Folder Version 2

.. which seems to indicate that clearing the cache fixed the problem.